PUMLA RULASHE
MPHO Modise can only guess her age and it embarrasses her. “I would say I am about 33,” she says.
She is unsure because her birth in South Africa was never registered. Yet establishing her age is the least of her problems. Without a birth certificate, she risks becoming stateless because she cannot prove that she is a citizen.
Mpho believes she was around seven when she was abandoned with extended family in 1994 in Brits, a small farming town in the North West Province.
“One day mama went to work and never came home,” she said. “That was the last I ever saw her. She left nothing that identified who I am.”
The family that brought her up shared a surname with Mpho, but they could not get her a birth certificate. Mpho would watch forlornly as her new siblings went off to school every morning, while
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